DC Circuits

DC (Direct Current) circuits are electrical circuits powered by a constant voltage source. In DC circuits, the current flows in one direction.

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law is fundamental to understanding DC circuits. It states that the current (I) flowing through a resistor (R) is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it:

V = I * R

Series and Parallel Circuits

DC circuits can be configured in series or parallel:

• Series Circuit: Components are connected end-to-end, and the current is the same through all components.
• Parallel Circuit: Components are connected across the same voltage source, and the voltage is the same across all components.

Kirchhoff's Laws

Kirchhoff's laws are essential for analyzing complex DC circuits:

• Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving the junction.
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of voltages around a closed loop equals zero.

Applications of DC Circuits

DC circuits are used in various applications, including:

• Battery-Powered Devices: Supplying power to portable electronics.
• DC Motors: Driving motors in various applications.
• Electronics: Powering electronic circuits and components.

Example Circuit

Here is an example of a simple series DC circuit:

Components:
- Resistor R1 (1k ohm)
- Resistor R2 (2k ohm)
- Power supply (5V DC)

Circuit:
1. Connect R1 and R2 in series.
2. Connect the series combination to the power supply (5V DC).

The total resistance is given by:
R_total = R1 + R2

The current flowing through the circuit is given by:
I = V / R_total

 

 

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